Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (RMSP) is the largest urban agglomeration in Brazil. Located in Sao Paulo State, which is the most populous and richest Brazilian state. The RMSP is composed of 39 municipalities and currently has about 20 million inhabitants, concentrated in an area of 7800 km², with a population density of 2532 inhabitants/km². It has an urbanization degree of 98.86% its per capita income is U.S. $ 413.00. The air pollution effects on human health has been an important theme of public health. Until the 1980´s, air pollution in the RMSP was predominantly due to industrial sources. In 1980, the State Government created the Pollution Control Program by to allocate resources for financing air pollution control systems including equipment and source relocation, consequently, many industries changed from oil boilers to electric ones with positive impact on SO2 and dust. In 1990´s, many industries have moved to other areas due to the increased control enforcement and changes in land use. Currently, vehicles are the main source of air pollution in the SPMA. The estimated current fleet is to be 6.7 million vehicles. The fleet emissions estimative for 2012 are about 220 thousand tons of local pollutants and about 15 million tons of greenhouse gases (GHG).The main source of these emissions are gas and ethanol light duty vehicle, diesel heavy-duty trucks and buses. This fleet is responsible for precursor ozone formation (nitrogen oxides - NOx and Volatile Organic Compounds - VOC) and particle matter (PM). The SPMA air quality-sampling network has 28 automatic stations. In July 2013, Sao Paulo State government adopted new standards for air quality and was included fine particles (PM2,5) which has a higher risk of serious health hazard. The main air quality concern in SPMA is due to ozone and particulate matter standard exceedence.
